Alcohol Consumption Among Youth Is Not A New Issue Essay

1. Introduction Alcohol consumption amongst youth is not a new issue – New Zealand has a long standing history of alcohol consumption both good and bad. In New Zealand, as is also around the world, the consumption of alcohol has baggage both good and bad. It is seen on a positive note as a social enabler, it allows oneself to let their guard down a bit and feel at ease in situations out of their normal comfort zones, however to every story there is also a flip-side, and this is the idea that alcohol consumption is the cause of social harm. These views are also reflected in the thoughts of many New Zealander’s today. An online article, Contrary to belief, we may be losing ‘binge’ from our drinking culture (2012) highlights the disparities of views between those who are 50 years or older, and those I deem part of the youth of New Zealand who are 30 years or younger. The views show that the older group believe that New Zealanders, especially the younger demographic have a problem with alcohol consumption, however, those in the younger group acknowledged that as a society New Zealanders drink excessively, many argued that we (New Zealand) was no different to any other country in regards to alcohol consumption. This perceived social norm of excessive drinking highlights the need to further explore how as a society we can change the social norm so excessive drinking is not an issue without stigmatizing a particular segment of society. This literature review, which is to exploreShow MoreRelatedYouth Addiction Alcohol : Causes And Concerns1544 Words   |  7 PagesYouth Addiction to Alcohol – Causes and Concerns Instruction In today’s society, alcohol use and heavy drinking is very common among young adults and adolescence. Since the end of the 20th century, more and more of the younger populations have started participating in alcohol consumption. Unlike in the early 1900’s when alcohol was heavily regulated – alcohol was even banned in the United States from 1919 – 1933 due to prohibition – it is now normal for anyone above the legal drinking age to walkRead MoreUnderage Alcohol And Alcohol Abuse1597 Words   |  7 PagesSadly, in today’s society, there is a lot of issues concerning drug and alcohol abuse in schools whether its at the high school or college level. Not only does drug and alcohol consumption effect your overall health, it can effect your academic performance as well. In this paper I am going to be talking about the problems with drug and alcohol abuse, preventions, risks, costs and much more. We are going to dissect the problems with drug alco hol consumption amongst young adults, from high school toRead More Effects of Underage Drinking on Society Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagesperson from consuming alcohol. Alcohol happens to be the most commonly abused drug not only among the youth but also among adults. This paper explores underage drinking, its effects on the society and outlines what can be done to curb it. Young people are considered to constitute the largest number of alcohol consumers and they account for a large portion of alcohol sales. This is despite the strict drinking laws that govern many countries as regards alcohol purchase and consumption. Underage drinkingRead MoreAlcohol Is The Drug Of Choice Among Youth1692 Words   |  7 PagesCan a person be too young to become addicted to alcohol and drugs? Or why is age of first use of alcohol is critically important? There are many questions raised on consumption of alcohol when it comes on drinking at early age. Alcohol often has a strong effect on people and throughout history, we have struggled to understand and manage the power of alcohol. However, we hardly think how much alcohol is too much for us, unless we get into any kind of trouble or shows some physical or mental effectsRead MoreSadly, In Today’S Society There Is A Lot Of Issues Concerning1294 Words   |  6 PagesSadly, in today’s society there is a lo t of issues concerning drug and alcohol abuse in schools whether its at the high school or college level. Not only does drug and alcohol consumption effect your overall health, it can effect your academic performance as well. In this paper I am going to be talking about the problems with drug and alcohol abuse, preventions, risks, costs and much more. We are going to dissect the problems with drug alcohol consumption amongst young adults, and talk about waysRead MoreLowering The Drinking Age From 21 Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesUnderage drinking. It’s all the rage in this generation. Youths everywhere are subjecting themselves to excessive amounts of alcohol at illegal ages, and the consequences are evident all around us. Every year over 5,000 kids under the age of 21 die from alcohol abuse, 1 in 5 10th graders will resort to binge drinking, and alcohol continues to damage developing teen brains (Let’s Stop Teen Drinking Tragedies). While they may not be seen in ni ght clubs in bars, people between the ages of 18 and 21Read MoreThe Problems Associated with Underage Drinking Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesConsequently, as alcohol is seen as the â€Å"Forbidden Fruit,† it encourages the want to drink for people under the age of twenty-one. The use of alcohol by adolescents is widely viewed as disobedience in American society. Although, alcohol use is technically illegal until the age of twenty-one (in 19 states the consumption of alcohol in not specifically illegal for people under the age of twenty-one), there is still an excessive use of dinking in teenagers today. Since alcohol is associated withRead More Drugs and Alcohol in the Adolescent Years Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesDrugs and Alcohol in the Adolescent Years The years of adolescence are a very important time for both young girls and boys to make decisions that will essentially have the power to shape their lives. In life there are conflicts to be overcome from both the â€Å"evil† social world and also a young girl’s vulnerability can cause problems. Both have a huge impact on decisions she will make. Drugs and alcohol are both issues that almost any young person in today’s society is going to comeRead MoreCollege Campus : Dangerous Incidents On Colleges Campuses1716 Words   |  7 Pagesbased on experts will help me better understand the consequences of underage drinking. Articles such as Dean-Mooney (2008) and Dryden (2013), related to my topic would help determine my reliability and credibility. Issues on lowering the drinking age are spreading rapidly in the news because students are not feeling safe on campuses due to increase in violence and sexual assaults caused by binge drinking. And due to these kinds of increased behaviors our societies are paying the price. So, the drinkingRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered1253 Words   |  6 Pages Minimum Legal Drinking Age Should the drinking age be lowered from 21 to a younger age? Ever since the end of prohibition in 1933 the United States government has placed the issue of minimum legal drinking age sensitively in the hands of the states, letting each decide for itself what the minimum age should be. At that time all agreed that the minimum legal drinking age should be 21, where it remained for all states until 1970

Merchant of Venice Mercy and Justice Free Essays

Ever been in a situation where you do not know whether to be fair or bend the rules a bit? In The Merchant of Venice, mercy and justice are the continuing predominant themes. Situations occur, that doing the just act does not seem to be correct or the right thing to do. Technically, the correct thing to do is to follow and abide by justice and the law. We will write a custom essay sample on Merchant of Venice: Mercy and Justice or any similar topic only for you Order Now For in this case, justice means the taking of a man’s life for the greed and sick revenge of another man. One of the true morals in this play is to be careful for what you wish for. Just as Shylock asked for justice, and in the end, justice was served. Throughout The Merchant of Venice, the themes of mercy and justice are continuously contradicting when it comes to Shylock’s situation with Antonio, in the court scene. In the play, Shylock has a deep desire for his bond to be satisfied and justice to prevail. In this Shakespearian time period, Jews are looked down upon. They are not treated as equals to the Christians. Shylock had a well justified reason to hate Antonio after Antonio would treat Shylock like a dog and spit upon him. Shylock said that Antonio’s reason for disrespect is because he is a Jew.Shylock talked of how Jews and Christians are the same thing, except they follow different beliefs. Once Antonio admits he cannot repay his debt, Shylock is eager for his bond and justice. However never did he show mercy, even towards his own daughter, he said, â€Å"I would my / daughter were dead at my foot and the jewels in her / ear; would she were hearsed at my foot and the / ducats in her coffin,† (III. 1. 87-90). Since he lacked mercy and kindness, he was shown no mercy when Antonio was to set his demands. Antonio begged for mercy and said, â€Å"I pray thee, hear me speak,† (III. 3. 12).Shylock showed no mercy for Antonio and persisted that he will have his bond. Solanio reassures Antonio that the Duke will not abide to a contract of this nature. Antonio replied saying that, â€Å"The Duke cannot deny the course of law,† (III. 3. 29). That is where the justice falls into play, if the Duke does not allow Shylock’s pound of flesh to be taken, then the whole Venetian courts and government would be a disgrace. This meant that for the trial to be fair, the bond will need to be satisfied. It looked bad for Antonio, until Portia came dressed as Balthazar, a lawyer. Portia’s first approach was to ask Shylock to be merciful.Shylock however was disgusted by the idea like proven before. Portia talks of God and how Christians beg for mercy to reach salvation. She said that, â€Å"Therefore, Jew, / Through justice be thy plea, consider this: / That in the course of justice none of us / Should see salvation. We do pray for mercy, / And that same prayer doth teach us all to render / The deeds of mercy,† (IV. 1. 203-208). Being as deliberate and stubborn as he is he said that â€Å"My deeds upon my head! I crave the law, / The penalty and forfeit of my bond,† (IV. 1. 212-213). After that plan fails, Portia tells Shylock that Bassanio is offering nine thousand ducats.Portia tells Shylock, â€Å"there’s thrice thy money offered thee,† (IV. 1. 235). The stubborn and immovable Shylock insists on his bond even after three times the original three-thousand ducats are offered to him. Finally, Portia agrees to Shylock’s demands and tells him to cut and retrieve his one pound of flesh. Just before he starts the process she brought up a very significant point to be noticed that changes the fate of the whole trial let alone Antonio’s life. She said, â€Å"This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood / The words are expressly are a pound of flesh,† (IV. . 319-320). She points out that the contract specifically said a pound of flesh not including blood. She follows to say, â€Å"if thou dost shed / One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods / Are by the laws of Venice confiscate / Unto the state of Venice,† (IV. 1. 322-325). The second Shylock heard this part of the contract, he immediately took his words back. He said, â€Å"I take this offer then. Pay the bond thrice / And let the Christian go,† (IV. 1. 332-334). He has taken back his lust for justice and wants his money back so he can just leave.Portia however makes his situation worse for Shylock by bringing out more laws that get Shylock in bad situations. She insists that Antonio’s flesh be cut and given to Shylock. Portia as her final attack at Shylock said to the court, â€Å"If it be proved against an alien / That by direct or indirect attempts / He seek the life of any citizen / The party ‘gainst the which he doth contrive / Shall seize one half his goods; the other half / Comes to the privy coffer of the state / And the offender’s life lies in the mercy / Of the Duke only, ‘gainst all other voice,† (IV. . 364-371). It turned out to be very ironic how Shylock had held grasp of someone’s life and now his life is in the hands of the Duke. Antonio begged Shylock to rethink the contract and be merciful. Now Shylock is asking for mercy and half of his property and goods is going to the very man he swore an oath to kill. It is very funny how such a small missed detail caused such a great deal of events to occur. Portia then asked Antonio, â€Å"What mercy can you render him, Antonio? † (IV. 1. 394).In the end of the great turn of events, Shylock is forced to agree the terms that he will give his money to Jessica and Lorenzo, he will make a will leaving everything to Jessica and Lorenzo, and finally he will become a Christian. The major themes shown are clearly and evidently in the play, especially when Portia is able to use the desire for Shylock’s justice to her advantage and turn the tables on the old Jew. Not only does she free Antonio, but she did the whole case legally and with tremendous justice but lacking mercy. Just as Shylock showed no mercy towards Antonio, he was rendered no mercy either. How to cite Merchant of Venice: Mercy and Justice, Papers

Sustainability Reporting in Accounting

Question: Discuss about the . Answer: Introduction In the era of twenty-first centuries, the definition of business is not bound in sales and revenues. Now a day, businesses all over the world is considering the effects of their business on environment, human resources and communities. They are concerned to maintain the sustainability in their business. Businesses all over the world are publishing their sustainability report that provides information about their steps to revive the environmental, social and economic issues through sustainability approaches (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer, 2014). The aim of the report is to analyze and evaluate the sustainability reporting of one of the Australian Stock Exchange listed companies. For the purpose of the report, Wesfarmers Limited is considered as the company is well known for their sustainability reporting system. Wesfarmers is one of the largest conglomerates in Australia, founded in the year of 1914. Their various businesses include coles, home improvements, departmental stores, che micals, energy, fertilizers and many others (About Wesfarmers, 2016). Sustainability at Wesfarmers Wesfarmers is well known for their sustainability approaches. It is the commitment of the organization to create values for shareholders, employees and communities. One of the ways to create value to Wesfarmers is to manage the impact of their business on the environment and community. There are some companies that use Wesfarmers as their benchmark for sustainable development. Wesfarmers has acknowledged the growing issue of climate change like the increase in weather volatility, frequent weather conditions, high level of temperature and others. On the other hand, there are others human resource issues like gender inequality at the workplace and others. The sustainability approach of Wesfarmers is based on these issues. The sustainability report of Wesfarmers is the summary of their sustainability strategies and actions. The sustainability report of Wesfarmers is prepares according to the rules and regulation Global Reporting initiatives (GRI). All the sustainability actions of the o rganization is done as per the guidelines of GRI principles. As per the FRI principles, there are four major dimensions of the sustainability report of Wesfarmers; they are materiality, completeness, sustainability context and stakeholders inclusiveness. Wesfarmers uses to address ten widely accepted principles of the United Nation Global Compact (UNGC). The sustainability program of Wesfarmers is known as Wesfarmers supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There are certain goals of the sustainability program of Wesfarmers. They are to end poverty; to fight inequality and injustice at the workplace and to make strategies for responding the climate change issue by the year of 2030 (Our sustainability reporting, 2016). Materiality Issues One of the most important aspects of the sustainability report of Wesfarmers is to address the various materiality issues in the organization. Some major materiality issues have addressed in the materiality report of Wesfarmers. The first materiality issue is to maintain a safe workplace. The Second issue is to give great career opportunities to the employees of the organization (Moscardo et al., 2013). The third materiality issue is to create a inclusive work environment where there will be gender diversity along with the inclusion of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people in the workforce. Fourth issue is to maintain a respectful relationship with the suppliers. Fifth issue is to source the products in a responsible manner. To contribute to the well-being of community is the sixth material issue. Providing safe products to the customers is the seventh material issue. Eighth materiality issues of Wesfarmers are to reduce the emission intensity in order to fight the issue of c limate change. Ninth material issue is to reduce the portion of wastage of water and other materials. The tenth and last materiality issue is to maintain robust corporate governance policies in the whole organization. These material issues are addressed in the sustainability report of Wesfarmers (Australia, 2012). Sustainability Principles There are five major principles the sustainability reporting of Wesfarmers. They are People, Sourcing, Community, Environment and Governance. All the aspects are discussed under. People: It is the major focus of Wesfarmers to provider ultimate safety to the employees of the organization. Wesfarmers uses various strategies like safety leadership, strategies targeting risk reduction and improving physical as well as mental health to implement safety. On the other hand, the company is determined to create a diversified workplace that will include people of all gender, age, race, cultural background, religion and others (Safety, 2016). Sourcing: It is the aim of Wesfarmers to maintain a healthy relationship with their suppliers. The company has been successful to maintain a good relationship with their more 15,000 suppliers and Wesfarmers has paid $45,525 million to the suppliers. The ethical sourcing policy of Wesfarmers implies that the company wants to source the materials of business in an ethical way (Suppliers, 2016). Community: In the year of 2016, Wesfarmers has contributed more than $57.8 million to the welfare of different communities of Australia. On the other hand, Wesfarmers has given $53.8 million as donation. The company has done the welfare of communities by providing foods, clothing, jobs and others (Community contributions, 2016). Environment: One of the most important dimensions of Wesfarmerss sustainability program is to fight the issue of climate change. For this purpose, Wesfarmers has adopted strategies to control the emission intensity from their business operation. Wesfarmers has been able to maintain the emission of green house gases from the production operation with the assistance of improved technology. On the other hand, Wesfarmers has taken strategies to reduce the wastage of water and other resources from their business operation (Climate change resilience, 2016). Governance: The Company has been successful to implement strict corporate governance policies in order to maintain the sustainability in the organization. Sustainability Achievement in 2016 In the year of 2016, Wesfarmers has achieved many sustainability milestones. The injury frequency rate in 2016 is 33.4 that are 15.2% lower than last year. The company has identified more than 3,300 indigenous employees. The inclusion of 3,200 factories in the audit program has brought transparency in the supply chain. Wesfarmers has contributed a total of $110 million for the well-being of communities. The company has been successful to reduce the greenhouse emission by 2% in this year. The workforce of Wesfarmers contains 55% of women employees and this is a great achievement to reduce gender inequality. These are the major sustainability achievements in 2016 (Sloan, 2016). Stakeholders Analysis It is the sustainability vision of Wesfarmers to add value to their various stakeholders with the help their sustainability activities. One of the effective policies of the company is that they use to communicate with their stakeholders on a regular basis and they invite the precious feedbacks from them. Wesfarmers has different stakeholders that include employees of the organization, customers, shareholders, suppliers of the company, the government, non-governmental organizations, media and community (Kenny, 2013). Wesfarmers has implemented some major sustainability policies for all of their stakeholders. As per the report of 2016, Wesfarmers has employed around 220,000 employees; the company has created many career opportunities for these employees. Wesfarmers has created many channels so that the customers can contact with the company and can provide their valuable feedback. One of the major stakeholders of the company is the shareholders. The well directed sustainability strateg ies of Wesfarmers have been successful to attract the attention of the shareholders. Wesfarmers various sustainability initiatives like ethical sourcing, suppliers relationship, climate change strategies and others have helped the company to gain more investments from the investors. On the other hand, the sustainability initiatives of Wesfarmers have helped the organization to earn praise from the government. Wesfarmers has received many awards from the government for their sustainability reporting. All the sustainability activities of Wesfarmers have helped the organization financially as it helped to improve the financial position of the company (Rowe et al., 2014). Conclusion: The objective of the report is to analyze and evaluate the various aspects of sustainability reporting of Wesfarmers. It has been seen in the study that there are some major aspects of the sustainability reporting of Wesfarmers. As per the above report, the vision of Wesfarmers is to continuously add value to their various stakeholders like shareholders, employees, customers and others. Sustainability reporting is one of the means to add value to the stakeholders. It has been seen that Wesfarmers uses to follow the GRI principles and frameworks to prepare their sustainability reports. The five major dimensions of sustainability reporting of Wesfarmers are people, sourcing, community, environment and government. All these sustainability activities of Wesfarmers have helped the company to invite more investments from the shareholders. On the other hand, the various sustainability strategies of Wesfarmers to implement health and safety for their various stakeholders have assisted the or ganization to create a good band image of the company. The sustainability activities of Wesfarmers are already perfect. However, there are still some scopes to improve. It is suggested that Wesfarmers should focus more on the improvement of the relationship with the suppliers. It is recommended that there should be more transparency in the supply chain of the organization. Another recommendation is that Wesfarmers should promote mental health among the employees. References Australia, A.C.C.A., 2012. The state of sustainability report assurance in the ASX 100. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014.Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Kenny, G., 2013. The stakeholder or the firm? Balancing the strategic framework.Journal of Business Strategy,34(3), pp.33-40. Moscardo, G., Lamberton, G., Wells, G., Fallon, W., Lawn, P., Rowe, A., Humphrey, J., Wiesner, R., Pettitt, B., Clifton, D. and Renouf, M., 2013.Sustainability in Australian business: Principles and practice. Wiley-Blackwell. Rowe, A.L., Nowak, M., Quaddus, M. and Naude, M., 2014. Stakeholder engagement and sustainable corporate community investment.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(7), pp.461-474. Sloan, E., 2016. Improving dragline productivity and increasing reliability using big data.AusIMM Bulletin, (Aug 2016), p.58. Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au., 2016.About Wesfarmers. [online] Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au. Available at: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-approach/about-wesfarmers/ [Accessed 30 Dec. 2016]. Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au., 2016.Climate change resilience. [online] Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au. Available at: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-principles/environment/climate-change-resilience/ [Accessed 30 Dec. 2016]. Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au., 2016.Community contributions. [online] Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au. Available at: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-principles/community/community-contributions/ [Accessed 30 Dec. 2016]. Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au., 2016.Our sustainability reporting. [online] Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au. Available at: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-approach/our-sustainability-reporting/ [Accessed 30 Dec. 2016]. Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au., 2016.Safety. [online] Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au. Available at: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-principles/people/safety/ [Accessed 30 Dec. 2016]. Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au., 2016.Suppliers. [online] Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au. Available at: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-principles/sourcing/suppliers/ [Accessed 30 Dec. 2016].

Womens Perceptions and the Feminist Theory free essay sample

This paper examines how societys perceptions of women affect feminist theory: The author discusses the feminist belief that there is a social division between men and women, in terms of representation and that this division is caused by the perception of an inherent difference between the sexes. This paper discusses this point of view from the works of: Audry Lourdes essay, The Masters Tools Will Never Dismantle the Masters House, Donna Haraways essay, `A Cyborg Manifesto`, and Henry Hwangs adaptation of the classic M. Butterfly. How society perceives women is the root of feminism. There is a social division between men and women, and this division is caused by the perception of an inherent difference between the sexes. As feminists do not believe that a perception of difference should act as a classification for men and women, it is the representation and presentation of this sense of difference that is the target of feminist actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Womens Perceptions and the Feminist Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Write a critical appreciation of Sakis Shredni Vashtar putting it in the context of your reading in the Gothic tradition Essay Example

Write a critical appreciation of Sakis Shredni Vashtar putting it in the context of your reading in the Gothic tradition Essay Example Write a critical appreciation of Sakis Shredni Vashtar putting it in the context of your reading in the Gothic tradition Essay Write a critical appreciation of Sakis Shredni Vashtar putting it in the context of your reading in the Gothic tradition Essay Shredni Vashtar (1910) is a story of relationships and escape. It is an example of equivocal gothic, according to Montague Summers categorizations in his essay The Gothic Quest: A history of the Gothic novel (1938). The story is typical to the Gothic genre as it contains ideas of exploring the unconscious, and the idea of metaphorical constraints (like those of Conradin due to his illness and his controlling guardian) represented by physical and literal constraints (like that of Shredni Vashter). Conradin is a curious character, whos reality seems to drive him into his own imagination, as he feels happier in his own world than in the world of Mrs. De Ropp. Freud in his works spoke about two major principles, the pleasure principle which opposes the reality principle. Conradin bases his life on the principle of escaping his reality in search of happiness and pleasure in his own world Perhaps Conradins masking of his dislike for Mrs. De Ropp is an element of the pleasure principle which avoids conflict and displeasure in favour of gratification and happiness. Gothic novels are often praised for exploring (and often prematurely) ideas, which Freud explored and legitimised. An important element of Gothic is infertility, as it represents death and paths the way for the authors vivid description of the narrators or characters surroundings. In this story, the dull, cheerless garden with few fruit trees and dismal shrubbery seems to reflect Conradins own life, which is full of wearisome things. The garden is described as an arid waste which creates the uncanny atmosphere so needed for a successful Gothic story. The subject of the uncanny is a Freudean idea used frequently in Gothic to arouse a sense of dread, horror and terror. The Gothic makes places obviously unheimlich (or un-homely) such as The Garden, or Heimlich (homely) such as the shed, which is described as a haven to create differing dimensions of fear from the locations in the story. The Garden is used to represent Conradins reality, always under surveillance by Mrs. De Ropp as it is overlooked by so many windows. The Shed however is representative of Conradins imagination, an escape, which is his own, hidden and private from his dominating and controlling guardian. An interesting idea I noticed in the story is the portrayal of religion, the ferret which promotes fear and curiosity in Conradin is associated with being a God, whereas the Houdan hen, the only character to which the boy lavished an affection that had scarcely another outlet is associated with being an Anabaptist (a Christian group who believe in belief baptism, or the re-baptising of adult believers). This is interesting because Conradin associates Mrs. De Ropp with respectability as well as normal Christianity (as it says The Woman indulged in religion) and so seeks anything but. This could be involving ideas of nature versus nurture, as Mrs. De Ropps loveless, cold and domineering treatment of her cousin has resulted in his loneliness and his desire to be independent in his beliefs rather than to learn from his guardian as children are expected to. Conradin is ill, and has but a short time to live, this is typical to the Gothic genre as deterioration is important rather than progression. Mrs. De Ropps short-sighted eyes which she uses to peer at the boy with may be used to show her lack of perception at the boys feelings towards her, and toward his own life, I believe this is important as it is repeated twice in the story in quick succession and I therefore believe that we as readers are supposed to pity Conradin. Her lack of knowledge may be used to speak out against societies and leaders rules, which are reflected by Mrs. De Ropps. There may be some gender issues as well, as Mrs. De Ropp is described as being a middle-class feminist who said that making toast gave trouble, she may have issues with Conradins gender as it seems as if Mrs. De Ropp has no children of her own, perhaps she would rather have a healthy girl of her own than an ill son who is not. The locked hutch door is a threshold, these are very important at perfectly concealing and releasing evidence and further knowledge of what is happening in gothic stories. This locked door is the division, which keeps Conradin away from what he so fears, as well as keeping Mrs. De Ropp away from the secret he so loves (Shredni Vashtar). The ferret parallels Conradin himself, as he is metaphorically imprisoned by his guardian and his illness, unable to reach his full potential in life, just as the captured and literally imprisoned Shredni Vashtar is. Typical adjectives are scattered in this story to create a better sense of atmosphere, such as cold, darkness and dusk. Shredni Vashtar is, for Conradin, the embodiment of his own suppressed power and anger, his thoughts were red thoughts and his teeth were white. Our reactions to the killing of Mrs. De Ropp are strange, as we cannot help but feel slightly victorious if not a little pleased. It is ironic that in the end Mrs. De Ropp transforms from the capturer to the one that frees them both from captivity. Conradin is a dark character as we see him doing to Shredni Vashtar, what he so hates about his own life, control, obsession and captivation. There are few characters with no dark aspects to them in this story, and it is hard to know which one to support. This is a clever technique as it replicates the confusion felt by Gothic characters in most stories. I believe that the escape of Shredni Vashtar is a possible representation of Conradins own future, as the two parralel one another, and Shredni Vashtar is the doppelganger or dark double of Conradin. The doctor who analysed Conradin with an early death is said to be effete a term regarding a person who seeks money (which he surely would receive for the purchase of Conradins medicine) and lacks a sense of responsibility I can not help but be left with the feeling that the short-sighted Mrs. De Ropp and her doctor may be wrong about Conradin. Mrs. De Ropp refuses to accept his health as this way she could exert more power over him, and the doctor is simply greedy for money. Conradin is freed with Shredni Vashtar, and I believe he is freed to of his metaphorical illness posed by enlightenment figures. This brings in another important Gothic trope, which is the mocking of the enlightenment.

The Social Transformation of American Medicine

The Social Transformation of American Medicine Starr divides the history of medicine into two books in order to emphasize two separate movements in the development of American medicine. The first movement was the rise of professional sovereignty and the second was the transformation of medicine into an industry, with corporations taking a large role. A Sovereign Profession In the first book, Starr begins with a look at the shift from domestic medicine in early America when the family wants the locus of care of the sick to the shift towards the professionalization of medicine in the late 1700s. Not all were accepting, however, as lay healers in the early 1800s saw the medical profession as nothing but privilege and took a hostile stance to it. But then medical schools began to emerge and proliferate during the mid-1800s and medicine was quickly becoming a profession with licensures, codes of conduct, and professional fees. The rise of hospitals and the introduction of telephones and better modes of transportation made physicians accessible and acceptable. In this book, Starr also discusses the consolidation of professional authority and the changing social structure of physicians in the nineteenth century. For instance, before the 1900s, the role of the doctor did not have a clear class position, as there was a lot of inequality. Doctors did not earn much and a physician’s status depended largely on their family’s status. In 1864, however, the first meeting of the American Medical Association was held in which they raised and standardized requirements for medical degrees as well as enacted a code of ethics, giving the medical profession a higher social status. Reform of medical education began around 1870 and continued through the 1800s. Starr also examines the transformation of American hospitals throughout history and how they have become central institutions in medical care. This happened in a series of three phases. First was the formation of voluntary hospitals that were operated by charitable lay boards and public hospitals that were operated by municipalities, counties, and the federal government. Then, beginning in the 1850s, a variety of more â€Å"particularistic† hospitals formed that were primarily religious or ethnic institutions that specialized in certain diseases or categories of patients. Third was the advent and spread of profit-making hospitals, which are operated by physicians and corporations. As the hospital system has evolved and changed, so has the role of the nurse, physician, surgeon, staff, and patient, which Starr also examines. In the final chapters of book one, Starr examines dispensaries and their evolvement over time, the three phases of public health and the rise of new specialty clinics, and the resistance to the corporatization of medicine by doctors. He concludes with a discussion of the five major structural changes in the distribution of power that played a major role in the social transformation of American medicine:1. The emergence of an informal control system in medical practice resulting from the growth of specialization and hospitals.2. Stronger collective organization and authority/the control of labor markets in medical care.3. The profession secured a special dispensation from the burdens of hierarchy of the capitalist enterprise. No â€Å"commercialism† in medicine was tolerated and much of the capital investment required for medical practice was socialized.4. The elimination of countervailing power in medical care.5. The establishment of specific spheres of professional authority. The Struggle for Medical Care The second half of The Social Transformation of American Medicine focuses on the transformation of medicine into an industry and the growing role of corporations and the state in the medical system. Starr begins with a discussion on how social insurance came about, how it evolved into a political issue, and why America lagged behind other countries with regards to health insurance. He then examines how the New Deal and the Depression affected and shaped insurance at the time. The birth of Blue Cross in 1929 and Blue Shield several years later really paved the way for health insurance in America because it reorganized medical care on a prepaid, comprehensive basis. This was the first time that â€Å"group hospitalization† was introduced and provided a practical solution for those who could not afford typical private insurance of the time. Shortly after, health insurance emerged as a benefit received via employment, which reduced the likelihood that only the sick would buy insurance and it reduced the large administrative costs of individually sold policies. Commercial insurance expanded and the character of the industry changed, which Starr discusses. He also examines the key events that formed and shaped the insurance industry, including World War II, politics, and social and political movements (such as the women’s rights movement). Starr’s discussion of the evolution and transformation of the American medical and insurance system ends in the late 1970s. A lot has changed since then, but for a very thorough and well-written look at how medicine has changed throughout history in the United States up until 1980, The Social Transformation of American Medicine is the book to read. This book is the winner of the 1984 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction, which in my opinion is well deserved. References Starr, P. (1982). The Social Transformation of American Medicine. New York, NY: Basic Books.

Success in Modern Labor Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Success in Modern Labor Market - Essay Example Under conditions of globalization it is possible to reflect one’s abilities from different prospects. We live at interesting times and we are fascinated by the diversities of the modern globalized world. Thesis statement: labor market of the 21st century is a new way for employees’ treatment, to their performance, which is based on their personal interests and concerns, which, if respected by the company, are perfectly integrated with the main goals and values of the company. The vision about the modern labor market changed and the vision about success has changed as well. With regards to the immense opportunities of self-development, it is possible to position oneself as he wants in a social sphere and play for example a role of a perfect wife, mother or housekeeper and at the same time remain a successful employee. Such options are provided by numerous companies, such as Google Plexes, for example. Different opportunities may lead to integration of culturally diverse employees and work in the name of a perfect conglomerate development. Modern developments in economics To begin with, it is necessary to outline current developments in the context of modern employment practices. Employers are no more interested in manufacturing employment or knowledge-based occupations. Nowadays each employer chooses the best individual, whose skills are endless and whose imaginative thinking may open a global horizon for future development. There is a need to invest in capable and talented workforce in order to succeed globally. For modern companies success means keeping catching up with the rest of companies internationally. Employees in the global market are characterized by flexibility and their ability to catch up with the changing norms and processes in the labor market. Such features as initiative, energy drive, mental sturdiness, and emotional stability, creative thinking, striving for perfection, inspiration and many other features are dominant. Therefore, it is relevant to focus on different tendencies in the labor market internationally in order to make some conclusions about the best ways to succeed. Performativity On the example of case study about Egyptian women, performativity option as the right way to success will be considered further on. Women in this country have witnessed that currently they have numerous opportunities for their self-development, realization of their career inspirations etc. Labor participation of Egyptian women is on halt, though in their academic performance they have higher rates in comparison with Egyptian men (Hassanien, 2010). Unfortunately, Egyptian women are often characterized as â€Å"women at leisure†, because there is a too high barer for gender-work interplay in Egypt. In terms of gender performativity it should be noted that case with Egypt is interesting and resonance. They have creative thinking, imaginative potential, good credentials and degrees but they do not have their jobs or well-paid jobs. It means that Egyptian labor market requires restandartization in accordance with global labor market needs. Moreover, there is an option to show that it is possible to reach success in this country in the labor market. Such a successful entrepreneur is Azza Fahmy. She is one of the leading jewelry designers in the Middle East. She has combined her innovative and creative thinking and her craftsman skills. In the result she became the CEO of Azza Fahmy Jewellery. Earlier this